《信息物理系统应用与原理(英文版)》: An example requirement from Category C is "Flow discontinuity at low flows should be minimal," which does not specify what is a low flow or which discontinuity can be accepted as minimal.This case is a simple example of a defiaency in the requirement specificahon uncovered during formalization. Once the categorization of the requirements is complete, requirements in Category A are formalized and verified using a model checker.In the case study, the requirements were converted into UPPAAL queries.Queries in UPPAAL use a subset of timed computahon tree logic (CTL) temporal logic and can be verified using the UPPAAL model checker. ……